Estrogen Disrupts the Inhibition of Fear in Female Rats, Possibly through the Antagonistic Effects of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) and ERβ

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Donna Toufexis, Emory University; Karyn M. Myers, Emory University; Michael E. Bowser, Emory University; Michael Davis, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2007-09-05
• Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2007 Society for Neuroscience.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2529-07.2007
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing
• Volume: 27
• Issue: 36
• Start Page: 9729
• End Page: 9735
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by National Institutes of Mental Health Grants MH 47840, MH 58922, and MH 52384 (M.D.), MH 76869 (D.J.T.), the Woodruff Foundation, and the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center (the Center for Behavioral Neuroscience of the National Science Foundation under Agreement Number IBN-9876754), and in part by RROO165 to the Yerkes National Primate Center.
• Keywords: limbic; ANXIETY DISORDERS; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ADULT MALE; STRIA TERMINALIS; Neurosciences & Neurology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; memory formation; Neurosciences; BED NUCLEUS; emotion; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; sex difference; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; hormone; learning and memory; Science & Technology
• Research Categories: Biology, Neuroscience; Psychology, Cognitive; Biology, Animal Physiology

Abstract

The ambiguous role of estrogen in emotional learning may result from opposing actions of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ. Using a fear-conditioning paradigm called the AX+, BX- discrimination, in which cue A comes to elicit fear and cue B becomes a safety signal, we examined the effect of 17β-estradiol (E) and selective ERβ and ERβ agonists on excitatory and inhibitory fear learning. Gonadectomized (GDX) male and female rats implanted with E or selective ERα or ERβ agonists were trained on the AX+, BX- discrimination and tested periodically to A, B, and AB. GDX sham-implanted male and female rats and GDX E-implanted males, but not GDX E-implanted females, exhibited less fear to AB than to A, suggesting that estrogen interferes with generalization of safety signals in female rats. ERα and ERβ agonists disrupted discrimination learning in both sexes. ERα-implanted groups had higher fear responses to all cues than did ERβ-implanted groups, suggesting that these two receptors have opposing effects in aversive discrimination learning. In contrast, neither E nor ERα and ERβ agonists affected single-cue fear conditioning in either sex. These data suggest that E does not enhance fear in emotional learning but acts to disrupt the inhibition of fear in females only.