High Incidence of Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-exposed Children Exiting an Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Trial

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Lisa Cranmer, Emory University; Heather R. Draper, Stellenbosch University; Anna M. Mandalakas, Baylor College of Medicine; Soyeon Kim, Harvard University; George McSherry, Pennsylvania State University; Emma Krezinski, Stellenbosch University; Joan Coetzee, Stellenbosch University; Charles Mitchell, University of Miami; Sharon Nachman, State University of New York; Mercia van der Linde, Stellenbosch University; Mark F. Cotton, Stellenbosch University; Anneke C. Hesseling, Stellenbosch University
• Language: English
• Date: 2018-10-01
• Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001946
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
• ISSN: 0891-3668
• Volume: 37
• Issue: 10
• Start Page: E254
• End Page: E256
• Grant/Funding Information: Overall support for the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Network was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Numbers UM1AI068632 (IMPAACT LOC), UM1AI068616 (IMPAACT SDMC) and UM1AI106716 (IMPAACT LOC), with co-funding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
• Keywords: CHILDHOOD; Science & Technology; tuberculosis; HIV; children; INFANTS; Pediatrics; tuberculin; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Abstract

Young HIV-exposed children are at high risk for TB infection. We performed QuantiFERON-TB Gold among HIV-exposed children in South Africa at enrolment and 1-year follow-up. The incidence of TB infection was high for HIV+ (11 cases per 100 child-years) and HIV-exposed uninfected children (15 cases per 100 child-years). QuantiFERON-TB Gold may identify HIV-exposed children at risk for TB disease progression.