Metabolic effects of intestinal absorption and enterohepatic cycling of bile acids.

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Courtney B. Ferrebee, Emory University; Paul Dawson, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2015-03
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.001
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
• ISSN: 2211-3835
• Volume: 5
• Issue: 2
• Start Page: 129
• End Page: 134
• Grant/Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH, No. R01DK047987).; Courtney B. Ferrebee was supported by a Research Supplement to Promote Diversity in Health Related Research from the NIH.
• Keywords: DIO2, deiodinase 2; FGFR4, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like polypeptide-1; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; Lipid metabolism; Liver; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; Bile acids; Intestine; Energy homeostasis; NTCP, Na+-taurocholate transporting polypeptide; G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase; SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c; OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide; FAS, fatty acid synthase; ACCII, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2; IBABP, ileal bile acid binding protein; OST, organic solute transporter; Transporters; TGR5, G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor; HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase; SHP, small heterodimer partner; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; FOXO1, forkhead box protein O1; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; LDL, low density lipoprotein; APO, apolipoproteins; FXR, farnesoid X-receptor; BSEP, bile salt export pump; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha; T4, thyroid hormone
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Nutrition; Health Sciences, General

Abstract

The classical functions of bile acids include acting as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut. In addition, bile acids also act as signaling molecules to regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. The signaling potential of bile acids in compartments such as the systemic circulation is regulated in part by an efficient enterohepatic circulation that functions to conserve and channel the pool of bile acids within the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments. Changes in hepatobiliary and intestinal bile acid transport can alter the composition, size, and distribution of the bile acid pool. These alterations in turn can have significant effects on bile acid signaling and their downstream metabolic targets. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the inter-relationship between the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and the metabolic consequences of signaling via bile acid-activated receptors, such as farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) and the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5).