The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and HIV-related Complications in HIV-infected Children and Young Adults

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Allison Ross Eckard, Emory University; Vin Tangpricha, Emory University; Shabnam Seydafkan, Emory University; Mary Ann O'Riordan, Case Western Reserve University; Norma Storer, Case Western Reserve University; Danielle Labbato, Case Western Reserve University; Grace A. McComsey, Case Western Reserve University
• Language: English
• Date: 2013-11-01
• Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318286c793
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
• ISSN: 0891-3668
• Volume: 32
• Issue: 11
• Start Page: 1224
• End Page: 1229
• Grant/Funding Information: The study was funded by an independent research grant from GlaxoSmithKline Collaborative Study Group; as well as supported by research grants to Dr. McComsey (R01HD070490) and Dr. Eckard (1K23HD069199) from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Development.
• Keywords: ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; HIV; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT; Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; Infectious Diseases; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; Pediatrics; children and adolescents; insulin resistance; vitamin D deficiency; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; Immunology; cardiovascular disease
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Health Sciences, Nutrition

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In HIV-infected adults, we and others have shown that vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explored for the first time the relationship between vitamin D and CVD risk in HIV-infected youth. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional assessment of cIMT, inflammation, metabolic markers and vitamin D status in HIV-infected youth and healthy controls. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), fasting lipids, insulin, glucose, inflammatory markers and cIMT. RESULTS: Thirty HIV-infected subjects and 31 controls were included. Among HIV-infected subjects, median age was 11 years (37% males; 73% black; similar to controls). HIV-infected subjects' mean (standard deviation) serum 25(OH)D was 24 (35) ng/mL; 70% had 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL (deficient), 23% between 20-30 ng/mL (insufficient) and 7% >30 ng/mL (sufficient); proportions were similar to controls (P = 0.17). After adjusting for season, sex and race, there was no difference in serum 25(OH)D between groups (P = 0.11). Serum 25(OH)D was not significantly correlated with cIMT, inflammatory markers or lipids. Serum 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with body mass index, insulin resistance, HIV duration, and cumulative use of antiretroviral therapy, non- and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Most HIV-infected youth have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Despite no direct association between serum 25(OH)D and cIMT, there were notable associations with some CVD risk factors, particularly inverse correlation with insulin resistance. Studies are needed to determine whether CVD risk, including insulin resistance, could be improved with vitamin D supplementation.