RNA localization regulates diverse and dynamic cellular processes

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Pearl V. Ryder, Emory University; Dorothy Lerit, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2018-07-01
• Publisher: Wiley: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2018 John Wiley & Sons
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tra.12571
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Traffic
• ISSN: 1398-9219
• Volume: 19
• Issue: 7
• Start Page: 496
• End Page: 502
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was support by NIH grant 1K22HL126922-01A1 to DAL. PVR was also supported by NIH grant 5K12GM000680-18.
• Keywords: RNA localization; ACTIN MESSENGER-RNA; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; YEAST; MITOCHONDRIA; mitochondria; CENTROSOME; Cell Biology; centrosomes; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; INTRACELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; endoplasmic reticulum; TRANSPORT; TRANSLATION; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; Science & Technology; translational control; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; RNA-binding proteins; focal adhesions
• Research Categories: Biology, Cell

Abstract

At the nexus of specialized cellular responses are localized enrichments of protein activity. The localization of messenger RNA (mRNA) coupled with translational control often plays a crucial role in the generation of protein concentrations at defined subcellular domains. Although mRNA localization is classically associated with large specialized cells, such as neurons and embryos, RNA localization is a highly conserved paradigm of post-transcriptional regulation observed in diverse cellular contexts. Functions of localized mRNAs extend far beyond the well-studied examples of neuronal polarization and developmental patterning. Since the initial discovery of the intracellular localization of cytoskeletal mRNAs within migrating cells, hundreds of mRNAs are now known to be enriched at specific organelles where they contribute to cell function. In this short review, we discuss basic principles regulating RNA localization and consider the contribution of localized mRNA to several essential cellular behaviors. We consider RNA localization as a mechanism with widespread implications for cellular function.