Racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress: examining emotion dysregulation as a mediator in an African American community sample

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Yara Mekawi, Emory University; Natalie N. Watson-Singleton, Spelman College; Eva Kuzyk, Emory University; H. Drew Dixon, Emory University; Sierra Carter, Emory University; Bekh Bradley-Davino, Emory University; Negar Fani, Emory University; Vasiliki Michopoulos, Emory University; Abigail Lott, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2020-01-01
• Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1824398
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 1824398
• End Page: 1824398
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (MH071537; MH100122; MH102890; MH115174), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD071982), National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (K23AT009713), and National Institute of Aging (AG062334).
• Keywords: Science & Technology; SYMPTOMS; MENTAL-HEALTH; TRAUMA; Psychology; PTSD; DISORDER; posttraumatic stress disorder; EXPERIENCES; Psychology, Clinical; trauma; diversity; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; PROLONGED EXPOSURE THERAPY; ethnic minority mental health; racial; Psychiatry; Racial discrimination; VALIDITY; emotion dysregulation; Social Sciences; replication; mediation
• Research Categories: Psychology, Cognitive; Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies; Psychology, Clinical

Abstract

Background: African Americans experience more severe and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms compared to other racial groups, and thus it is important to examine factors that are relevant for the aetiology of PTSD in this population. Although racial discrimination has been implicated as an exacerbating factor in the development and maintenance of PTSD, relatively less is known about mechanisms through which this process may occur. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine one such mechanism, emotion dysregulation, in two independent samples of African American adults. Method: Trauma-exposed participants were recruited in a large, urban community hospital setting (initial sample n = 1,841; replication sample n = 294). In the initial sample, participants completed a unidimensional measure of emotion dysregulation and self-reported PTSD symptoms based on the DSM-IV. In the replication sample, participants completed a multidimensional measure of emotion dysregulation and a diagnostic interview of PTSD symptoms based on the DSM-5. Mediation analyses were used to test our hypotheses. Results: Across both samples, results indicated that racial discrimination was indirectly associated with PTSD symptoms through emotion dysregulation (even when trauma load was added as a covariate). Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the association between racial discrimination and PTSD symptoms may be partially explained by the association between racial discrimination and worse emotion dysregulation. These findings elucidate the impact of racist incidents on mental health and identify modifiable emotion regulatory processes that can be intervened upon to enhance the psychological and social wellbeing of African Americans.