Small molecule binders recognize DNA microstructural variations via an induced fit mechanism

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Kathleen E Carter, Georgia State University; Sarah Laughlin-Toth, Georgia State University; Thomas Dodd, Georgia State University; David W Wilson, Georgia State University; Ivaylo Ivanov, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2019-01-23
• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2019 The Author(s)
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp05537h
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
• Volume: 21
• Issue: 4
• Start Page: 1841
• End Page: 1851
• Grant/Funding Information: Computational resources were provided in part by an allocation (CHE110042) from the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1548562 and in part by and allocation (m1254) from the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02–05CH11231.; This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM110387 [to II] and GM111749 [to WDW].

Abstract

Regulation of gene-expression by specific targeting of protein-nucleic acid interactions has been a long-standing goal in medicinal chemistry. Transcription factors are considered “undruggable” because they lack binding sites well suited for binding small-molecules. In order to overcome this obstacle, we are interested in designing small molecules that bind to the corresponding promoter sequences and either prevent or modulate transcription factor association via an allosteric mechanism. To achieve this, we must design small molecules that are both sequence-specific and able to target G/C base pair sites. A thorough understanding of the relationship between binding affinity and the structural aspects of the small molecule-DNA complex would greatly aid in rational design of such compounds. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of sequence-specific DNA association of a synthetic minor groove binder using long timescale molecular dynamics. We show how binding selectivity arises from a combination of structural factors. Our results provide a framework for the rational design and optimization of synthetic small molecules in order to improve site-specific targeting of DNA for therapeutic uses in the design of selective DNA binders targeting transcription regulation.