Effects of Repeated Treadmill Testing and Electrical Stimulation on Post-Stroke Gait Kinematics

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Louis Awad, University of Delaware; Trisha M. Kesar, Emory University; Darcy Reisman, University of Delaware; Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, University of Delaware
• Language: English
• Date: 2013-01-01
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.06.001
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Gait and Posture
• ISSN: 0966-6362
• Volume: 37
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 67
• End Page: 71
• Grant/Funding Information: This study was supported by the following National Institutes of Health grants: NR010786, HD038582, S10 RR022396-01, K01HD050582, and T32HD007490.
• Keywords: RELIABILITY; Sport Sciences; Treadmill; Stroke; Functional electrical stimulation (FES); Neurosciences & Neurology; 6-MINUTE WALK TEST; Neurosciences; HEMIPARETIC STROKE; Science & Technology; Orthopedics; PEOPLE; FOOT; Repeated testing; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; Kinematics; SUPPORT; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Rehabilitation and Therapy; Biology, Neuroscience

Abstract

Improvements in task performance due to repeated testing have previously been documented in healthy and patient populations. The existence of a similar change in performance due to repeated testing has not been previously investigated at the level of gait kinematics in the post-stroke population. The presence of such changes may define the number of testing sessions necessary for measuring a stable baseline of pre-training gait performance, which is a necessary prerequisite for determining the effectiveness of gait interventions. Considering the emergence of treadmills as a popular tool for gait evaluation and retraining and the common addition of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to gait retraining protocols, the stability of gait kinematics during the repeated testing of post-stroke individuals on a treadmill, either with or without FES, needs to be determined. Nine individuals (age: 58.1. ± 7.3 years), with hemi-paresis secondary to a stroke (onset: 7.3. ± 6.0 years) participated in this study. An 8-camera motion analysis system was used to measure sagittal plane knee and ankle joint kinematics. Gait kinematics were compared across two (N= 9) and five (N= 5) testing sessions. No consistent changes in knee or ankle kinematics were observed during repeated testing. These findings indicate that clinicians and researchers may not need to spend valuable time and resources performing multiple testing and acclimatization sessions when assessing baseline gait kinematics in the post-stroke population for use in determining the effectiveness of gait interventions.