Unhealthy weight among young children in the Middle East and North African region

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Rebecca Jones, Emory University; Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-08-22
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2023, Cambridge University Press
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023001684
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Public Health Nutrition
• Volume: 26
• Issue: 11
• Start Page: 2383
• End Page: 2395
• Grant/Funding Information: REJA was supported by the National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute (NHLBI) Postdoctoral T32 Multidisciplinary Research Training to Reduce Inequities in Cardiovascular Health (grant number 5T32HL130025).
• Keywords: Overweight; Middle East and North Africa; Wasting; Child nutritional status
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Epidemiology; Health Sciences, Public Health; Health Sciences, Nutrition

Abstract

Objective: To understand early-life growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and how it has changed over time, we estimated the prevalence of wasting and overweight at ages under 5 years. Design: Cross-sectional data from twenty-nine Demographic and Health Surveys with direct anthropometric data and parent-reported demographic information were examined. The study utilised the WHO Child Growth Standards to classify overweight (weight-for-height z-score ≥ 2 sd above the median), wasting (weight-for-height z-score ≤ 2 sd below the median) and unhealthy weight defined as either wasting or overweight. Setting: Nationally representative for nine of the MENA countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey and Yemen). Participants: Children under age 5 from nine MENA countries between 1987 and 2016 (n 155 961). Results: Across the region, at the most recent time point, between 7·3 and 23·6 % of children experienced unhealthy weight (Jordan – 7·3 %, Egypt –23·6 %); 1·7 and 16·6 % had wasting (Turkey, Yemen) and 2·0 and 15·0 % had overweight (Yemen, Egypt). Overweight was more common than wasting in all countries except Yemen and Mauritania. Between 1987 and 2016, the prevalence of unhealthy weight in the region increased (10·0–18·4 %) due to increases in both wasting and overweight. Boys had a higher prevalence of unhealthy weight than girls. Conclusion: Undernutrition continues to be a problem in some countries in the MENA region, and overnutrition is emerging as a health concern in many countries in the region. Countries in the region must advance programmes that reduce undernutrition while not overlooking or inadvertently promoting overnutrition.