ChAdOx1 NiV vaccination protects against lethal Nipah Bangladesh virus infection in African green monkeys

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Neeltje van Doremalen, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Victoria A Avanzato, Emory University; Kerry Goldin, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Friederike Feldmann, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Jonathan E Schulz, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Elaine Haddock, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Atsushi Okumura, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Jamie Lovaglio, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Patrick W Hanley, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Kathleen Cordova, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Greg Saturday, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Emmie de Wit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton; Teresa Lambe, University of Oxford; Sarah C Gilbert, University of Oxford; Vincent J Munster, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton
• Language: English
• Date: 2022-12-21
• Publisher: Nature Research (part of Springer Nature)
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00592-9
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: npj Vaccines
• Volume: 7
• Keywords: Viral pathogenesis; Live attenuated vaccines
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic and re-emerging virus, which causes sporadic but severe infections in humans. Currently, no vaccines against NiV have been approved. We previously showed that ChAdOx1 NiV provides full protection against a lethal challenge with NiV Bangladesh (NiV-B) in hamsters. Here, we investigated the efficacy of ChAdOx1 NiV in the lethal African green monkey (AGM) NiV challenge model. AGMs were vaccinated either 4 weeks before challenge (prime vaccination), or 8 and 4 weeks before challenge with ChAdOx1 NiV (prime-boost vaccination). A robust humoral and cellular response was detected starting 14 days post-initial vaccination. Upon challenge, control animals displayed a variety of signs and had to be euthanized between 5 and 7 days post inoculation. In contrast, vaccinated animals showed no signs of disease, and we were unable to detect infectious virus in tissues and all but one swab. No to limited antibodies against fusion protein or nucleoprotein antigen could be detected 42 days post challenge, suggesting that vaccination induced a very robust protective immune response preventing extensive virus replication.