Loss of anti-spike antibodies following mRNA vaccination for COVID-19 among patients with multiple myeloma

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Samuel Stampfer, Emory University; Sean Bujarski, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood California; Marissa-Skye Goldwater, Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research; Scott Jew, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood California; Bernard Regidor, Berenson Cancer Center; Haiming Chen, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood California; Ning Xu, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood California; Mingjie Li, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood California; Eddie Fung, Berenson Cancer Center; Regina Swift, Berenson Cancer Center; Bethany Beatty, Berenson Cancer Center; Shahrooz Eshaghian, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; James R Berenson, Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood California
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-05-01
• Publisher: Wiley Periodicals LLC.
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2023 The Authors. Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1803
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Cancer Reports
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 5
• Start Page: e1803
• End Page: e1803
• Keywords: Multiple Myeloma; vaccination; Vaccination; multiple myeloma; antibodies; half-life; RNA, Messenger; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Oncology; Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) patients have variable responses to mRNA vaccination to COVID-19. Little is known regarding their vaccine-induced antibody levels over time. Methods: We monitored spike IgG antibody levels over 24 weeks among a subset of 18 MM patients who showed a full response after two mRNA vaccinations. Results: MM patients had a more rapid decline in antibody levels as compared to eight healthy controls, with power law half-lives of 72 days (vs. 107 days) and exponential half-lives of 37 days (vs. 51 days). The patients with longer SARS-CoV-2 antibody half-lives were more likely to have undetectable monoclonal protein than those with shorter half-lives, suggesting better disease control may correlate with longer duration of vaccine-induced antibodies. Regardless, by 16 weeks post-second dose of mRNA vaccination, the majority of patients had antibody levels below 250 binding arbitrary units per milliliter, which would be unlikely to contribute to preventing COVID-19. Conclusions: Thus, even MM patients who respond adequately to vaccination are likely to require more frequent booster doses than the general population.