Validating metcam/muc18 as a novel biomarker to predict the malignant potential of prostate cancer at an early stage by using a modified gold nanoparticles-based lateral flow immunoassay

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Yin-Huan Chuang, Chung Yuan Christian University; Yu-Chun Wei, Chung Yuan Christian University; Chia-Chi Hsieh, Chung Yuan Christian University; Yuan-Hung Pong, Ten-Chen Hospital Chungli; Yenn-Rong Su, National Taiwan University Hospital; Vincent FS Tsai, Ten-Chen Hospital Chungli; Guang-Jer Wu, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-03-01
• Publisher: MPDI
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 by the authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030443
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Diagnostics
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 3
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was supported by NSC (NSC-101-2320-B-033-003), Center for Biomedical Technology at CYCU, Research Center for Circular Economy at CYCU, and the joined project of CYCU and Ten Chan General Hospital, Taiwan.
• Keywords: malignant potential; streptavidin; nano-gold conjugated antibodies; modified LFIA; biosensor; METCAM/MUC18; prostate cancer cell; biomarker; biotinylated antibodies; human serum
• Research Categories: Biology, Microbiology; Health Sciences, Immunology

Abstract

(1) Background: To further validate METCAM/MUC18 as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer, a modified Lateral Flow Immune Assay (LFIA) with increased sensitivity and specificity was designed by taking advantage of the extremely high affinity between biotin and streptavidin and used. (2) Methods: The combination of a commercial biotinylated rabbit antibody (EPP11278), or the home-made biotinylated chicken antibody, and the nano-gold conjugated homemade chicken antibody or a commercial rabbit antibody (EPP11278), had the higher sensitivity and specificity in this modified LFIA to establish calibration curves from the two recombinant METCAM/MUC18 proteins and were used for determining METCAM/MUC18 concentrations in serum specimens from normal individuals, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) patients, prostate cancer patients with various Gleason scores, and treated patients. (3) Results: Data obtained by this modified LFIA were statistically better than traditional LFIA and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Interestingly, serum METCAM/MUC18 concentrations were higher in pre-malignant PIN patients than prostate cancer patients and both were higher than normal individuals, BPH patients, and treated patients. Serum METCAM/MUC18 concentrations were directly proportional to most serum PSA. (4) Conclusions: Elevated serum METCAM/MUC18 concentrations may be used for predicting the malignant potential of prostate cancer at an early premalignant (PIN) stage, which is not achievable by the current PSA test.