Predicting relapse in major depressive disorder using patient-reported outcomes of depressive symptom severity, functioning, and quality of life in the individual burden of illness index for depression (IBI-D)

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Waguih William IsHak, Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Jared M. Greenberg, University of California, Los Angeles; Robert Cohen, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2013-10-01
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.048
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Journal of Affective Disorders
• ISSN: 0165-0327
• Volume: 151
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 59
• End Page: 65
• Grant/Funding Information: The study was supported by NIMH Contract # N01MH90003 to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.; The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial was funded by the United States National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) # NCT00021528.; The current analysis in this manuscript is not funded.
• Keywords: RATIONALE; SEQUENCED TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES; STAR-ASTERISK-D; Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; Mood disorders; Psychiatry; FOLLOW-UP; RECOVERY; Functioning; Quality of life; ONSET; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences & Neurology; REMISSION; FAMILY; Burden of illness; Major depressive disorder; STAR*D
• Research Categories: Psychology, Clinical; Health Sciences, Mental Health

Abstract

Background: Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often experience unexpected relapses, despite achieving remission. This study examines the utility of a single multidimensional measure that captures variance in patient-reported Depressive Symptom Severity, Functioning, and Quality of Life (QOL), in predicting MDD relapse. Methods: Complete data from remitted patients at the completion of 12 weeks of citalopram in the STAR D study were used to calculate the Individual Burden of Illness index for Depression (IBI-D), and predict subsequent relapse at six (n = 956), nine (n = 778), and twelve months (n =479) using generalized linear models. Results: Depressive Symptom Severity, Functioning, and QOL were all predictors of subsequent relapse. Using Akaike information criteria (AIC), the IBI-D provided a good model for relapse even when Depressive Symptom Severity, Functioning, and QOL were combined in a single model. Specifically, an increase of one in the IBI-D increased the odds ratio of relapse by 2.5 at 6 months (/3=0921 - 0194, z=476, p <2 x 10-6), by 284 at 9 months (/3=1045 - 022, z=474, p <2.2 x 10-6), and by 4.1 at 12 months (/3=141 - 029, z=479, p < 1.7 x 10-6). Limitations: Self-report poses a risk to measurement precision. Using highly valid and reliable measures could mitigate this risk. The IBI-D requires time and effort for filling out the scales and index calculation. Technological solutions could help ease these burdens. The sample suffered from attrition. Separate analysis of dropouts would be helpful. Conclusions: Incorporating patient-reported outcomes of Functioning and QOL in addition to Depressive Symptom Severity in the IBI-D is useful in assessing the full burden of illness and in adequately predicting relapse, in MDD.