Functional Features of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Larry Anderson, Emory University; Samadhan J Jadhao, Emory University; Clinton R Paden, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; Suxiang Tong, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-07-01
• Publisher: MDPI
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 by the authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071214
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: VIRUSES-BASEL
• Volume: 13
• Issue: 7
• Grant/Funding Information: S.J.J. and L.J.A. receive support from the NIH through grant 2U19AI095227 and contract HHSN272201300018I.
• Keywords: CYSTEINE-RICH REGION; ATTACHMENT G GLYCOPROTEIN; respiratory syncytial virus; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; FUSION PROTEIN; Science & Technology; G protein; Virology; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SOLUBLE G-PROTEIN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CX3CR1; GLYCOPROTEIN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; vaccines; pathogenesis; SUBSTANCE-P; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; treatment; RSV G-PROTEIN
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Health Sciences, Immunology

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in children <5 years of age worldwide and repeated infections throughout life leading to serious disease in the elderly and persons with compromised immune, cardiac, and pulmonary systems. The disease burden has made it a high priority for vaccine and antiviral drug development but without success except for immune prophylaxis for certain young infants. Two RSV proteins are associated with protection, F and G, and F is most often pursued for vaccine and antiviral drug development. Several features of the G protein suggest it could also be an important to vaccine or antiviral drug target design. We review features of G that effect biology of infection, the host immune response, and disease associated with infection. Though it is not clear how to fit these together into an integrated picture, it is clear that G mediates cell surface binding and facilitates cellular infection, modulates host responses that affect both immunity and disease, and its CX3C aa motif contributes to many of these effects. These features of G and the ability to block the effects with antibody, suggest G has substantial potential in vaccine and antiviral drug design.