Pathological basal ganglia activity in movement disorders

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Thomas Wichmann, Emory University; Jonathan O. Dostrovsky, University of Toronto
• Language: English
• Date: 2011-12-15
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerical-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.048
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Neuroscience
• ISSN: 0306-4522
• Volume: 198
• Start Page: 232
• End Page: 244
• Grant/Funding Information: The preparation of this review article was supported through grants from the NIH/NINDS (R01-NS054976, R01-NS071074 and P50-NS071669 (TW), and R01-NS40872 (JOD)), by NIH/NCRR grant RR-000165 (Yerkes National Primate Center), and by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-42505 and MOP-98006 (JOD)).
• Keywords: Striatum; dystonia; dyskinesia; globus pallidus; Parkinson’s disease; subthalamic nucleus
• Research Categories: Biology, Neuroscience

Abstract

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of movement disorders, and associated changes in basal ganglia activities has significantly changed in the course of the last few decades. This process began with the development of detailed anatomical models of the basal ganglia, followed by studies of basal ganglia activity patterns in animal models of common movement disorders and electrophysiological recordings in movement disorder patients undergoing functional neurosurgical procedures. These investigations first resulted in an appreciation of global activity changes in the basal ganglia in parkinsonism and other disorders, and later in the detailed description of pathological basal ganglia activity patterns, specifically burst patterns and oscillatory synchronous discharge of basal ganglia neurons. In this review we critically summarize our current knowledge of the pathological discharge patterns of basal ganglia neurons in Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and dyskinesias.