Systems analysis of West Nile virus infection

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Mehul S. Suthar, Emory University; Bali Pulendran, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2014-06-01
• Publisher: Elsevier: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2014.04.010
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Current Opinion in Virology
• ISSN: 1879-6257
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 70
• End Page: 75
• Grant/Funding Information: The Pulendran laboratory is supported by funding from the NIH grants 5U19AI057266 and U19AI090023.; The Suthar laboratory is supported by start-up funds provided by the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Emory Vaccine Center; the Georgia Research Alliance; and grants from the Emory University Research Council; and NIH grants R03AI109194 and 5U19AI057266.
• Keywords: REPLICATION; MDA5; PATHOGENESIS; YELLOW-FEVER VACCINE; ENCEPHALITIS; Virology; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ALPHA/BETA-INTERFERON; Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; RIG-I; HEPATITIS-C; CELLS
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Health Sciences, Pathology; Biology, Virology

Abstract

Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viruses continue to pose a significant threat to human health throughout the world. Over the past decade, West Nile virus (WNV), Dengue virus (DENV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), have caused annual epidemics of virus-induced encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever\shock syndromes, and arthritis, respectively. Currently, no specific antiviral therapies or vaccines exist for use in humans to combat or prevent these viral infections. Thus, there is a pressing need to define the virus-host interactions that govern immunity and infection outcome. Recent technological breakthroughs in 'omics' resources and high-throughput based assays are beginning to accelerate antiviral drug discovery and improve on current strategies for vaccine design. In this review, we highlight studies with WNV and discuss how traditional and systems biological approaches are being used to rapidly identify novel host targets for therapeutic intervention and develop a deeper conceptual understanding of the host response to virus infection.