A New Player in Neuroblastoma: YAP and Its Role in the Neuroblastoma Microenvironment

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Jenny Shim, Emory University; Kelly Goldsmith, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-09-01
• Publisher: MDPI
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 by the authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184650
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: CANCERS
• Volume: 13
• Issue: 18
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was funded by Hyundai Hope on Wheels, Young Investigator Grant, grant number 639727 to J.S. and Hyundai Hope on Wheels, Scholars Award, grant to K.C.G.
• Keywords: PROMOTER METHYLATION; extracellular matrix; yes-associated protein; BREAST-CANCER METASTASIS; therapy resistance; HIPPO PATHWAY; STEM-CELLS; hypoxia; PRECLINICAL MODELS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATOR; Oncology; neuroblastoma; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; Science & Technology; EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; CONTACT INHIBITION; metastasis; angiogenesis; hippo pathway; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; MEDIATES RESISTANCE; tumor microenvironment
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Health Sciences, Oncology

Abstract

Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial pediatric solid tumor that accounts for more than 15% of childhood cancer-related deaths. High risk neuroblastomas that recur during or after intense multimodal therapy have a <5% chance at a second sustained remission or cure. The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) has been increasingly recognized to play a critical role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy, including in neuroblastoma. The Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in the Hippo pathway can regulate cancer proliferation, tumor initiation, and therapy response in many cancer types and as such, its role in the TME has gained interest. In this review, we focus on YAP and its role in neuroblastoma and further describe its demonstrated and potential effects on the neuroblastoma TME. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies for inhibiting YAP in neuroblastoma.