Raising HDL cholesterol in women

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Danny Eapen, Emory University; Girish Kalra, Emory University; Luay Rifai, Emory University; Christina A. Eapen, Emory University; Nadya Merchant, Emory University; Bobby V. Khan, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2009-12-01
• Publisher: Dovepress
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2009 The Author(s).
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s5110
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: International Journal of Women's Health
• Volume: 1
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 181
• End Page: 191
• Keywords: heart disease; women; cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein; HDL
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery; Gender Studies

Abstract

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is essential in the determination of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in women. This is especially true in the postmenopausal state, where lipid profiles and CHD risk mimic that of age-matched men. Thus, interventions designed to reduce CHD risk by raising HDL-C levels may have particular significance during the transition to menopause. This review discusses HDL-C-raising therapies and the role of HDL in the primary prevention of CHD in women. Lifestyle-based interventions such as dietary change, aerobic exercise regimens, and smoking cessation are initial steps that are effective in raising HDL-C, and available data suggest women respond similarly to men with these interventions. When combined with pharmacotherapy, the effects of these lifestyle alterations are further amplified. Though studies demonstrating gender-specific differences in therapy are limited, niacin continues to be the most effective agent in raising HDL-C levels, especially when used in combination with fibrate or statin therapy. Emerging treatments such as HDL mimetic therapy show much promise in further raising HDL-C levels and improving cardiovascular outcomes. © 2009 Eapen et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.