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Vaccine induced memory CD8+ T cells efficiently prevent viral transmission from the respiratory tract

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  • 06/25/2025
Type of Material
Authors
    Jinglin Zhou, University of CopenhagenIda Uddback, University of CopenhagenJacob Kohlmeier, Emory UniversityJan Pravsgaard Christensen, University of CopenhagenAllan Randrup Thomsen, University of Copenhagen
Language
  • English
Date
  • 2023-12-17
Publisher
  • Frontiers Media S.A
Publication Version
Copyright Statement
  • © 2023 Zhou, Uddback, Kohlmeier, Christensen and Thomsen
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Final Published Version (URL)
Title of Journal or Parent Work
Volume
  • 14
Grant/Funding Information
  • The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by Jens Ove Jacobsens Almene Fond, Læge Sophus Carl Emil Friis og hustru Olga Doris Friiś Legat and a project grant to IU from the Lundbeck Foundation.
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Abstract
  • Introduction Mucosal immunization eliciting local T-cell memory has been suggested for improved protection against respiratory infections caused by viral variants evading pre-existing antibodies. However, it remains unclear whether T-cell targeted vaccines suffice for prevention of viral transmission and to which extent local immunity is important in this context. Methods To study the impact of T-cell vaccination on the course of viral respiratory infection and in particular the capacity to inhibit viral transmission, we used a mouse model involving natural murine parainfluenza infection with a luciferase encoding virus and an adenovirus based nucleoprotein targeting vaccine. Results and discussion Prior intranasal immunization inducing strong mucosal CD8+ T cell immunity provided an almost immediate shut-down of the incipient infection and completely inhibited contact based viral spreading. If this first line of defense did not operate, as in parentally immunized mice, recirculating T cells participated in accelerated viral control that reduced the intensity of inter-individual transmission. These observations underscore the importance of pursuing the development of mucosal T-cell inducing vaccines for optimal protection of the individual and inhibition of inter-individual transmission (herd immunity), while at the same time explain why induction of a strong systemic T-cell response may still impact viral transmission.
Author Notes
Keywords
Research Categories
  • Biology, Virology
  • Biology, General
  • Biology, Cell
  • Health Sciences, Immunology

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