A polyvalent inactivated rhinovirus vaccine is broadly immunogenic in rhesus macaques

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Sujin Lee, Emory University; Minh Trang Nguyen, Emory University; Michael G. Currier, Emory University; Joe Jenkins, Emory University; Elizabeth Strobert, Emory University; Adriana E. Kajon, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute; Ranjna Madan Lala, Emory University; Yury A. Bochkov, University of Wisconsin; James E. Gern, University of Wisconsin; Krishnendu Roy, Emory University; Xiaoyan Lu, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Dean D. Erdman, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Paul Spearman, Emory University; Martin Moore, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2016-09-01
• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group: Nature Communications
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2016, The Author(s).
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12838
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Nature Communications
• ISSN: 2041-1723
• Volume: 7
• Start Page: 12838
• End Page: 12838
• Grant/Funding Information: This study was supported by a pilot grant from the Emory+Children’s Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) to M.L.M and in part by Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health grants 1R01AI087798 and 1U19AI095227 to M.L.M. This work is dedicated to ‘A.R.’.
• Keywords: Multidisciplinary Sciences; ILLNESS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; PNEUMONIA REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION; STRATEGIES; Inactivated vaccines; RESPONSES; GENOTYPE; Virology; Science & Technology
• Research Categories: Biology, Virology; Health Sciences, Pharmacology; Health Sciences, Immunology

Abstract

As the predominant aetiological agent of the common cold, human rhinovirus (HRV) is the leading cause of human infectious disease. Early studies showed that a monovalent formalin-inactivated HRV vaccine can be protective, and virus-neutralizing antibodies (nAb) correlated with protection. However, co-circulation of many HRV types discouraged further vaccine efforts. Here, we test the hypothesis that increasing virus input titres in polyvalent inactivated HRV vaccine may result in broad nAb responses. We show that serum nAb against many rhinovirus types can be induced by polyvalent, inactivated HRVs plus alhydrogel (alum) adjuvant. Using formulations up to 25-valent in mice and 50-valent in rhesus macaques, HRV vaccine immunogenicity was related to sufficient quantity of input antigens, and valency was not a major factor for potency or breadth of the response. Thus, we have generated a vaccine capable of inducing nAb responses to numerous and diverse HRV types.