Multimorbidity and the Risk of Hospitalization and Death in Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Study

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Alanna M. Chamberlain, Mayo Clinic; Alvaro Alonso, Emory University; Bernard J. Gersh, Mayo Clinic; Sheila M. Manemann, Mayo Clinic; Jill M. Killian, Mayo Clinic; Susan A. Weston, Mayo Clinic; Margaret Byrne, Corner Home Medicine; Veronique L. Roger, Mayo Clinic
• Language: English
• Date: 2017-03-01
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2016.11.008
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: American Heart Journal
• ISSN: 0002-8703
• Volume: 185
• Start Page: 74
• End Page: 84
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by grants from the American Heart Association (11SDG7260039) and the National Institute on Aging (R01 AG034676). Dr. Roger is an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association. Additional support was provided by grant 16EIA26410001 from the American Heart Association (Alonso).
• Keywords: MORTALITY; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; COMMUNITY-BASED COHORT; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; ROCHESTER EPIDEMIOLOGY PROJECT; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; MEDICAL-RECORDS-LINKAGE; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Public Health

Abstract

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have many comorbidities and excess risks of hospitalization and death. Whether the impact of comorbidities on outcomes is greater in AF than the general population is unknown. Methods One thousand four hundred thirty patients with AF and community controls matched 1:1 on age and sex were obtained from Olmsted County, Minnesota. Andersen-Gill and Cox regression estimated associations of 19 comorbidities with hospitalization and death, respectively. Results AF cases had a higher prevalence of most comorbidities. Hypertension (25.4%), coronary artery disease (17.7%), and heart failure (13.3%) had the largest attributable risk of AF; these along with obesity and smoking explained 51.4% of AF. Over a mean follow-up of 6.3 years, patients with AF experienced higher rates of hospitalization and death than did population controls. However, the impact of comorbidities on hospitalization and death was generally not greater in patients with AF compared with controls, with the exception of smoking. Ever smokers with AF experienced higher-than-expected risks of hospitalization and death, with observed vs expected (assuming additivity of effects) hazard ratios compared with never smokers without AF of 1.78 (1.56-2.02) vs 1.52 for hospitalization and 2.41 (2.02-2.87) vs 1.84 for death. Conclusions Patients with AF have a higher prevalence of most comorbidities; however, the impact of comorbidities on hospitalization and death is generally similar in AF and controls. Smoking is a notable exception; ever smokers with AF experienced higher-than-expected risks of hospitalization and death. Thus, interventions targeting modifiable behaviors may benefit patients with AF by reducing their risk of adverse outcomes.