Disproportionate presence of adenosine in mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Waleed MM El-Sayed, Georgia Institute of Technology; Alli L Gombolay, Georgia Institute of Technology; Penghao Xu, Georgia Institute of Technology; Taehwan Yang, Georgia Institute of Technology; Youngkyu Jeon, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sathya Balachander, Georgia Institute of Technology; Gary Newnam, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sijia Tao, Emory University; Nicole E Bowen, Emory University; Tomáš Brůna, Georgia Institute of Technology; Mark Borodovsky, Emory University; Raymond Schinazi, Emory University; Baek Kim, Emory University; Yongsheng Chen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Francesca Storici, Georgia Institute of Technology
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-01-22
• Publisher: CELL PRESS
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 The Authors.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.102005
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: ISCIENCE
• Volume: 24
• Issue: 1
• Start Page: 102005
• End Page: 102005
• Grant/Funding Information: We acknowledge funding from the Egyptian Cultural Affairs & Missions Sector, Cairo, Egypt (to W.M.M.E.), R01GM128145 (to M.B), AI136581 (to B.K.), AI150451 (to B.K.), MH116695 (to. R.F.S), the National Institutes of Health (R01ES026243 to F.S.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Faculty Scholar grant 55108574 to F.S.) for supporting this work.
• Keywords: ACID; RIBONUCLEOTIDE INCORPORATION; POLYMERASE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; GENOMIC DNA; REPAIR; DISCRIMINATION; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics; CHAIN; Science & Technology; INSERTION
• Research Categories: Biology, General; Health Sciences, General

Abstract

The presence of ribose sugar in place of deoxyribose in DNA is a common DNA modification due to the abundant incorporation of ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs), which are the units of RNA, by DNA polymerases (Nava et al., 2020; Williams et al., 2016). While it has been known for a long time that rNMPs are present in specific DNA sequences, such as mouse and human mitochondrial DNA (Grossman et al., 1973), at the mating type locus in the nuclear DNA of fission yeast (Vengrova and Dalgaard, 2006) and even in chloroplast DNA (Kolodner et al., 1975), only in the last decade has the ribose in DNA been defined as the most abundant alteration in the DNA of cells (Caldecott, 2014; Cavanaugh et al., 2010; Clausen et al., 2013; Gosavi et al., 2012; Kasiviswanathan and Copeland, 2011; Kennedy et al., 2012; Lemor et al., 2018; McDonald et al., 2012; Nick McElhinny et al., 2010; Potenski and Klein, 2014; Williams and Kunkel, 2014; Williams et al., 2016). Recent studies highlight the capacity of many DNA polymerases to incorporate rNMPs into DNA (Astatke et al., 1998; Bonnin et al., 1999; Brown and Suo, 2011; Cavanaugh et al., 2010; Gong et al., 2005; Kasiviswanathan and Copeland, 2011; Kennedy et al., 2012; McDonald et al., 2012; Nick McElhinny and Ramsden, 2003; Patel and Loeb, 2000).