Socioeconomic predictors of dietary patterns among Guatemalan adults

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Ana-Lucia Mayen, Lausanne University Hospital; Silvia Stringhini, Lausanne University Hospital; Nicole D. Ford, Emory University; Reynaldo Martorell, Emory University; Aryeh Stein, Emory University; Fred Paccaud, Lausanne University Hospital; Pedro Marques-Vidal, Lausanne University Hospital
• Language: English
• Date: 2016-12-01
• Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2016, Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+).
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0863-3
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: International Journal of Public Health Science
• ISSN: 2252-8806
• Volume: 61
• Issue: 9
• Start Page: 1069
• End Page: 1077
• Grant/Funding Information: Data were collected using funding provided by the US National Institutes of Health [R01 TW-05598: PI Martorell].; Ana-Lucia Mayén-Chacón is a recipient of a Swiss Excellence Government scholarship.; Silvia Stringhini is supported by an Ambizione Grant (n° PZ00P3_147998) from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).
• Keywords: NUTRITION TRANSITION; Diet patterns; YOUNG BRAZILIAN ADULTS; ASSOCIATIONS; EDUCATION; Expenditures; ADHERENCE; COUNTRIES; INCOME; OBESITY; Science & Technology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; REDUCTION; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Guatemala; Socioeconomic; COHORT
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Public Health; Health Sciences, Nutrition

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to assess the associations of socioeconomic factors with dietary patterns in a Guatemalan population. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 1076 participants (42 % men, mean age 32.6 ± 4.2 years) collected between 2002 and 2004 in four rural villages in Guatemala. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Chi-square and Poisson regression models were used to assess associations between socioeconomic factors and dietary patterns. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: “Western” (high in processed foods), “traditional” (high in traditional foods) and “coffee and sugar”, explaining 11, 7 and 6 % of the variance, respectively. Annual expenditures were associated with a higher adherence to the “Western” pattern: prevalence ratios [(PR) (95 % confidence interval)] 1.92 (1.17–3.15) for the highest vs. lowest expenditure group in men and 8.99 (3.57–22.64) in women. A borderline significant (p = 0.06) negative association was found between the “traditional” pattern and higher household expenditures [0.71 (0.49–1.02) in men] and with schooling [0.23 (0.05–1.02)] in women (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary patterns in Guatemala are predicted by socioeconomic factors. In particular, high annual expenditures are associated with a more westernized, less traditional diet.