The 2023 wearable photoplethysmography roadmap

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Peter H. Charlton, University of Cambridge; John Allen, Coventry University; Raquel Bailon, University of Zaragoza; Stephanie Baker, James Cook University; Joachim A. Behar, Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Fei Chen, Southern University of Science and Technology; Gari D. Clifford, Emory University; David A. Clifton, University of Oxford; Harry J. Davies, Imperial College London; Cheng Ding, Georgia Institute of Technology; Xiaorong Ding, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Jessilyn Dunn, Duke University; Mohamed Elgendi, Biomedical and Mobile Health Technology Laboratory; Munia Ferdoushi, University of Southern California; Daniel Franklin, 23; Eduardo Gil, University of Zaragoza; Md Farhad Hassan, University of Southern California; Jussi Hernesniemi, Tampere University; Xiao Hu, 26 27 28; Nan Ji, 29; Yasser Khan, University of Southern California; Spyridon Kontaxis, University of Zaragoza; Ilkka Korhonen, Tampere University; Panicos A. Kyriacou, University of London; Pablo Laguna, University of Zaragoza; Jesus Lazaro, University of Zaragoza; Chungkeun Lee, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Jeremy Levy, Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Yumin Li, Southeast University; Chengyu Liu, Southeast University; Jing Liu, Analog Devices Inc; Lei Lu, University of Oxford; Danilo P. Mandic, Imperial College London; Vaidotas Marozas, Kaunas University; Elisa Mejia-Mejia, University of London; Ramakrishna Mukkamala, University of Pittsburgh; Mier Nitzan, Lev Academic Center; Tania Pereira, University of Porto; Carmen C. Y. Poon, GMed IT; Jessica C. Ramella-Roman, Florida International University; Harri Saarinen, Tampere Heart Hospital; Md Mobashir Hasan Shandhi, Duke University; Hangsik Shin, University of Ulsan; Gerard Stansby, Newcastle University; Toshiyo Tamura, Waseda University; Antti Vehkaoja, Tampere University; Will Ke Wang, Duke University; Yuan-Ting Zhang, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park; Ni Zhao, Chinese University of Hong Kong; Dingchang Zheng, Coventry University; Tingting Zhu, University of Oxford
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-11-29
• Publisher: IOP Science
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2023 The Author(s). Published on behalf of Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine by IOP Publishing Ltd
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/acead2
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Physiological Measurement
• Volume: 44
• Issue: 11
• Start Page: 111001
• Grant/Funding Information: PHC acknowledges funding from the British Heart Foundation (FS/20/20/34626) and an EPSRC Impact Acceleration Award. JL acknowloedges funding from CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine through Instituto de Salud Carlos III and by Gobierno de Aragon (Reference Group BSICoS T39-20R) cofunded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) 2014–2020 ‘Building Europe from Aragon’.; This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund with the ‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’ of Spain under project PID2021-126734OB-C21 and with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) under Projects 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-01-0030 and 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0027, the European COST ACTION ‘Network for Research in Vascular Ageing’ CA18216 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology): www.cost.eu; They authors give special thanks to the UKRI PhD scholarship funding, and support from the MURI/EPSRC grant EP/P008461.; This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation under Grant FS/20/20/34626, and COST Action CA18216 VascAgeNet, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, www.cost.eu).; This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HR20C0026, HI22C1668).; The authors acknowledge financial support from General Research Fund (RGC Ref No. 14209620) from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong. Dr Franklin is the Ted Rogers Chair in Cardiovascular Engineering, University Health Network, University of Toronto.; This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Scientific Research (C) (Kakenhi) (#21K12760) and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP22dk0310111).; The work was supported by CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicne (CIBERBBN) through Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FEDER and Gobierno de Aragon (BSICoS T39-20R).; PHC acknowledges funding from the British Heart Foundation (FS/20/20/34626).
• Keywords: smartwatch; fitness; physiological monitoring; blood pressure; signal processing; sensor; cardiovascular
• Research Categories: Biology, Physiology; Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Photoplethysmography is a key sensing technology which is used in wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness trackers. Currently, photoplethysmography sensors are used to monitor physiological parameters including heart rate and heart rhythm, and to track activities like sleep and exercise. Yet, wearable photoplethysmography has potential to provide much more information on health and wellbeing, which could inform clinical decision making. This Roadmap outlines directions for research and development to realise the full potential of wearable photoplethysmography. Experts discuss key topics within the areas of sensor design, signal processing, clinical applications, and research directions. Their perspectives provide valuable guidance to researchers developing wearable photoplethysmography technology.