The relationship between common mental disorders and incident diabetes among participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP)

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Leslie Johnson, Emory University; Allissa Desloge, University of Melbourne; Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, University of Melbourne; Emily D. Williams, University of Surrey; Pilvikki Absetz, Tampere University; Tilahun Haregu, University of Melbourne; Jeroen De Man, University of Antwerp; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Central University of Kerala; Brian Oldenburg, University of Melbourne
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-07-23
• Publisher: PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2021 Johnson et al
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255217
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: PLOS ONE
• Volume: 16
• Issue: 7
• Start Page: e0255217
• End Page: e0255217
• Grant/Funding Information: B.O received funding for the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Programme from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia (Project Grant ID 1005324; https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/). In addition, L.C.M.J. was supported by the Health and Behavior International Collaborative Research Award through the Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) and A.D. was supported by Yale University through the Fox International Fellowship. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the views of NHMRC, SBM, or Yale University.
• Keywords: INTERVENTION; METAANALYSIS; RISK-FACTORS; INDIA; DEPRESSION; COLLABORATIVE CARE; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Science & Technology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; EQUATIONS; HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE PHQ-9; PREVALENCE; ANXIETY
• Research Categories: Psychology, Personality; Psychology, Behavioral; Biology, Biostatistics

Abstract

This study aims to describe the prevalence of depression and anxiety among a population sample of people at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Kerala, India, and examine the relationship between depressive symptoms, anxiety, and incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) over a two-year period. We used data from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program, a cluster-randomized controlled trial for diabetes prevention among 1007 high-risk individuals. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were estimated using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, respectively. We calculated proportions for depression and anxiety and performed generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine the relationship between baseline mental health status and incident T2DM. The prevalence of depression and anxiety at baseline were 7.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Compared with those reporting none/low symptoms, the odds ratio for incident diabetes was 1.07 (95% CI 0.54–2.12) for participants with moderate to severe depression and 0.73 (95% CI 0.23–2.28) for participants with moderate to severe anxiety, after adjusting for potential confounders. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of depression and anxiety were higher than those previously reported in the general population in India. However, among this sample of community-based adults at high risk of developing T2DM, the presence of moderate to severe depression and/or anxiety symptoms was not significantly associated with the risk of developing T2DM. Trial registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000262909. Registered 10 March 2011.