Vaccine value profile for norovirus

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: George Armah, University of Ghana; Ben Lopman, Emory University; Jan Vinjé, centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Miguel O'Ryan, University of Chile; Claudio F. Lanata, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional; Michelle Groome, University of the Witwatersrand; Jared Ovitt, University of Nevada, Reno; Caroline Marshall, World Health Organization; Elizabeth Sajewski, Emory University; Mark S. Riddle, University of Nevada, Reno
• Language: English
• Date: 2023-10-06
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.034
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Vaccine
• Volume: 41
• Issue: Suppl 2
• Start Page: S134
• End Page: S152
• Grant/Funding Information: This supplement was sponsored by the World Health Organization’s Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals unit.; This work in part was also supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle, WA [INV029307].
• Keywords: Vaccines; Policy; Vaccine value; Global Health
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Public Health; Biology, Virology

Abstract

Norovirus is attributed to nearly 1 out of every 5 episodes of diarrheal disease globally and is estimated to cause approximately 200,000 deaths annually worldwide, with 70,000 or more among children in developing countries. Noroviruses remain a leading cause of sporadic disease and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis even in industrialized settings, highlighting that improved hygiene and sanitation alone may not be fully effective in controlling norovirus. Strengths in global progress towards a Norovirus vaccine include a diverse though not deep pipeline which includes multiple approaches, including some with proven technology platforms (e.g., VLP-based HPV vaccines). However, several gaps in knowledge persist, including a fulsome mechanistic understanding of how the virus attaches to human host cells, internalizes, and induces disease.