Coffee, tea and decaffeinated coffee in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in a European population: Multicentre, prospective cohort study

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Christina Bamia, University of Athens; Pagona Lagiou, University of Athens; Mazda Jenab, International Agency for Research on Cancer; Antonia Trichopoulou, University of Athens; Veronika Fedirko, Emory University; Krasimira Aleksandrova, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Tobias Pischon, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Kim Overvad, Aarhus University; Anja Olsen, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Anne Tjonneland, Danish Cancer Society Research Center; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Institut Gustave Roussy; Guy Fagherazzi, Institut Gustave Roussy; Antoine Racine, Institut Gustave Roussy; Tilman Kuhn, German Cancer Research Center; Heiner Boeing, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Anna Floegel, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Vasiliki Benetou, University of Athens; Domenico Palli, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO; Sara Grioni, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Salvatore Panico, University of Naples Federico II
• Language: English
• Date: 2015-04-15
• Publisher: Wiley: 12 months
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2014 UICC.
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29214
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: International Journal of Cancer
• ISSN: 0020-7136
• Volume: 136
• Issue: 8
• Start Page: 1899
• End Page: 1908
• Grant/Funding Information: This work was supported by the French National Cancer Institute (Institut National du Cancer; INCA), Grant number 2009-139.; None of the funding sources had any role in the design of the study; collection, analysis and interpretation of the data; writing of the report, and decision to submit the article for publication.; The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); Stavros Niarchos Foundation and Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), National Research Council, HuGeF Foundation, Compagnia di San Paolo, Sicily Regional Government, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa and AVIS Ragusa (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); ERC-2009-AdG 232997 and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health, Norwegian Research Council, Norwegian Cancer Society, University of Tromso (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council and Regional Government of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council (United Kingdom).; The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (coordination of EPIC).; Reagents for the hepatitis infection determinations were kindly provided by Abbott, France.
• Keywords: METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; GREEN TEA; Oncology; JAPAN; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; liver cancer; EPIC; Life Sciences & Biomedicine; coffee; RISK-FACTORS; CANCER INCIDENCE; CONSUMPTION; Science & Technology; hepatocellular carcinoma; tea; DRINKING; EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Research Categories: Health Sciences, Epidemiology; Health Sciences, Oncology

Abstract

Inverse associations of coffee and/or tea in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk have been consistently identified in studies conducted mostly in Asia where consumption patterns of such beverages differ from Europe. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC), we identified 201 HCC cases among 486,799 men/women, after a median follow-up of 11 years. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HCC incidence in relation to quintiles/categories of coffee/tea intakes. We found that increased coffee and tea intakes were consistently associated with lower HCC risk. The inverse associations were substantial, monotonic and statistically significant. Coffee consumers in the highest compared to the lowest quintile had lower HCC risk by 72% [HR: 0.28; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.16-0.50, p-trend < 0.001]. The corresponding association of tea with HCC risk was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.22-0.78, p-trend50.003). There was no compelling evidence of heterogeneity of these associations across strata of important HCC risk factors, including hepatitis B or hepatitis C status (available in a nested case-control study). The inverse, monotonic associations of coffee intake with HCC were apparent for caffeinated (p-trend50.009), but not decaffeinated (p-trend50.45) coffee for which, however, data were available for a fraction of subjects. Results from this multicentre, European cohort study strengthen the existing evidence regarding the inverse association between coffee/tea and HCC risk. Given the apparent lack of heterogeneity of these associations by HCC risk factors and that coffee/tea are universal exposures, our results could have important implications for high HCC risk subjects.