Human genetic variants disrupt RGS14 nuclear shuttling and regulation of LTP in hippocampal neurons.

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Katherine E Squires, Emory University; Kyle J Gerber, Emory University; Matthew C Tillman, Emory University; Daniel J Lustberg, Emory University; Carolina Montañez-Miranda, Emory University; Meilan Zhao, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina; Suneela Ramineni, Emory University; Christopher Scharer, Emory University; Ramendra N Saha, University of California-Merced, California; Feng-Jue Shu, Emory University; Jason Schroeder, Emory University; Eric Ortlund, Emory University; David Weinshenker, Emory University; Serena M Dudek, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina; John Hepler, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2021-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Inc
• Publication Version: Final Published Version
• Copyright Statement: © 2020 The Authors
• License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA120.016009
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: J Biol Chem
• Volume: 296
• Start Page: 100024
• End Page: 100024
• Grant/Funding Information: This research was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health awards 2R21NS102652 (to J. R. H.) and R01NS037112 (to J. R. H.), the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (ES 100221 to S. D.), and the Neuropathology/Histochemistry Core of the Emory NINDS Neurosciences Core Facility (P30 NS055077). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
• Keywords: regulator of G protein signaling (RGS); Signal Transduction; Cell Nucleus; human genetics; Neurons; Humans; synaptic plasticity; hippocampus; dendritic spine; Karyopherins; nuclear receptor; Neuronal Plasticity; Protein Transport; Hippocampus; nuclear translocation; G protein; neuron; Mice; Spatial Learning; Mutation; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; RGS Proteins; genetic polymorphism; Animals; Long-Term Potentiation
• Research Categories: Environmental Sciences; Health Sciences, Pharmacology; Chemistry, Biochemistry; Biology, Genetics

Abstract

The human genome contains vast genetic diversity as naturally occurring coding variants, yet the impact of these variants on protein function and physiology is poorly understood. RGS14 is a multifunctional signaling protein that suppresses synaptic plasticity in dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons. RGS14 also is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, suggesting that balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are essential for RGS14 functions. We identified genetic variants L505R (LR) and R507Q (RQ) located within the nuclear export sequence (NES) of human RGS14. Here we report that RGS14 encoding LR or RQ profoundly impacts protein functions in hippocampal neurons. RGS14 membrane localization is regulated by binding Gαi-GDP, whereas RGS14 nuclear export is regulated by Exportin 1 (XPO1). Remarkably, LR and RQ variants disrupt RGS14 binding to Gαi1-GDP and XPO1, nucleocytoplasmic equilibrium, and capacity to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP). Variant LR accumulates irreversibly in the nucleus, preventing RGS14 binding to Gαi1, localization to dendritic spines, and inhibitory actions on LTP induction, while variant RQ exhibits a mixed phenotype. When introduced into mice by CRISPR/Cas9, RGS14-LR protein expression was detected predominantly in the nuclei of neurons within hippocampus, central amygdala, piriform cortex, and striatum, brain regions associated with learning and synaptic plasticity. Whereas mice completely lacking RGS14 exhibit enhanced spatial learning, mice carrying variant LR exhibit normal spatial learning, suggesting that RGS14 may have distinct functions in the nucleus independent from those in dendrites and spines. These findings show that naturally occurring genetic variants can profoundly alter normal protein function, impacting physiology in unexpected ways.