Advances in the Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression.

• Type of Material: Article
• Authors: Paul Holtzheimer, Emory University
• Language: English
• Date: 2010
• Publisher: American Psychiatric Publishing
• Publication Version: Author Accepted Manuscript (After Peer Review)
• Copyright Statement: © 2020 American Psychiatric Association
• Final Published Version (URL): http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/foc.8.4.foc488
• Title of Journal or Parent Work: Focus
• ISSN: 1541-4094
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 4
• Start Page: 488
• End Page: 500
• Grant/Funding Information: Dr. Holtzheimer has received grant funding from the Dana Foundation; Greenwall Foundation; NARSAD; NIMH (grant K23-MH077869); National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Program; Northstar, Inc.; Stanley Medical Research Institute; and Woodruff Foundation; he has received consulting fees from AvaCat Consulting, St. Jude Medical Neuromodulation, and Oppenheimer & Co.
• Research Categories: Psychology, Clinical; Health Sciences, Mental Health

Abstract

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a prevalent, disabling, and costly condition affecting 1%-4% of the U.S. POPULATION: Current approaches to managing TRD include medication augmentation (with lithium, thyroid hormone, buspirone, atypical antipsychotics, or various antidepressant medications), psychotherapy, and ECT. Advances in understanding the neurobiology of mood regulation and depression have led to a number of new potential approaches to managing TRD, including medications with novel mechanisms of action and focal brain stimulation techniques. This review will define and discuss the epidemiology of TRD, review the current approaches to its management, and then provide an overview of several developing interventions.